ONE GAS. FOUR CALLS.
Interpret the gas.
Build ABG fluency, one result at a time.
NORMAL VALUES — USE THEM ON EVERY CASECUSTOM
pH 7.35–7.45 · PaCO2 35–45 · HCO3 22–26 · PaO2 80–100 · SaO2 95–100% · AG 8–12
| pH | 7.35–7.45 | PaCO₂ | 35–45 mmHg |
| HCO₃ | 22–26 mmol/L | PaO₂ | 80–100 mmHg (room air) |
| SaO₂ | 95–100% | Base excess | −2 to +2 |
| Anion gap | 8–12 mmol/L | Venous (VBG) | pH 7.32–7.43 · PvCO₂ 41–50 · HCO₃ 23–27 |
Venous PvO₂/SvO₂ are not used to judge oxygenation the way PaO₂ is — a VBG tells you ventilation and acid–base, not how well the lungs are oxygenating.
Schools and labs set slightly different reference ranges. Adjust these to match yours; interpretations will use your ranges.
Acid–base chart
The case is plotted where it lands. Shaded bands are the expected compensation zones — a point inside a band is a single disorder doing what the body should do; a point outside a band means a second disorder is riding along. Curved lines are HCO₃ iso-lines from the Henderson–Hasselbalch equation.
Your interpretation
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These open the actual NCLEX bank questions — the answers, gold-standard rationales and open-textbook sources live in the NCLEX Trainer, so what you practise here is the real bank, not a copy.
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Field guide
Everything you need to interpret a blood gas — the method, the math, every disorder, and two gases worked end to end.